Hematological Emergencies
Critical management protocols for life-threatening hematological conditions
Conditions
Massive Hemorrhage
ATS Category 1 — Evidence Grade A
Epidemiology
A leading cause of preventable death in trauma, with mortality rates exceeding 50% if not managed within the 'golden hour'.
Pathophysiology
Critical loss of circulating blood volume leading to hypovolemic shock, impaired oxygen delivery, and the 'lethal triad' of acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy.
Risk Factors
- •Major trauma
- •Postpartum hemorrhage
- •Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
- •Gastrointestinal variceal bleeding
- •Surgical complications